Wednesday, July 30, 2025
Sunday, July 27, 2025
Sanskrit 2 Basic Grammar
Syllabus
- Alphabet - Consonant, Vowel, Conjunct Consonant
- Declension Nouns (Gender: Masculine, Female, Neuter) Case 1-8; Number (Singular, Dual, Plural)
- Declension Neuter (Gender: Masculine, Female, Neuter) Case 1-8; Number (Singular, Dual, Plural) (Class 29)
- Verbs Conjugate
- Pronouns
- Indeclinable
- Sentences Class 28)
- Noun - (Case 1-8, Gender 3, Number 3)
- Verb Conjugate
- Translate English to Sanskrit; Sanskrit to English
- Sandhi; Sandi Rules (Class 31-38)
Vowels
अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ऋ ॠ
ए ऐ ओ औ अं अः
e ai o au
Consonants
क ख ग घ ङ
ka kha ga gha ṅa
च छ ज झ ञ
ca cha ja jha ña
ट ठ ड ढ ण
ṭa ṭha ḍa ḍha ṇa
त थ द ध न
ta tha da dha na
प फ ब भ म
pa pha ba bha ma
य र ल व
ya ra la va
श ष स ह
śa ṣa sa ha
Conjunct Consonants
क्ष kṣa
ज्ञ jña
श्र śra
श्व śva
श्च śca
त्त tta
प्र pra
क्र kra
ट्र ṭra
द्र dra
त्र tra
Sandhi Rules
1. अ / आ + अ / आ = आ
2. इ / ई + इ / ई = ई
3. उ/ ऊ + उ / ऊ = ऊ
4. ऋ
5. अ / आ + इ / ई = ए
6. अ / आ + उ / ऊ = ओ
7. अ / आ + ऋ = अर्
8. अ/ आ + ए / ऐ = ऐ
9. अ / आ + ओ / औ = औ
10. इ / ई + Vowel =
constants and vowel
Consonants - vyanjanani , Vowel Swaras
- क
ka - ख
kha - ग
ga - घ
gha - ङ
ṅa
- च
ca - छ
cha - ज
ja - झ
jha - ञ
ña
- ट
ṭa - ठ
ṭha - ड
ḍa - ढ
ḍha - ण
ṇa
- त
ta - थ
tha - द
da - ध
dha - न
na
- प
pa - फ
pha - ब
ba - भ
bha - म
ma
- य
ya - र
ra - ल
la - व
va
- श
śa - ष
ṣa - स
sa - ह
Some of these consonants are difficult to tell apart at first.
Here are the consonants that are most easily confused:
ख रव
kha ravaघ ध
gha dhaङ ड
ṅa ḍaच ज
ca jaट ठ ढ द
ṭa ṭha ḍha daप फ य ष
pa pha ya ṣaभ म
bha maव ब
va ba
Vowels
When vowels do not follow consonants, they are written like this:
- अ
a - आ
ā - इ
i - ई
ī - उ
u - ऊ
ū
- ऋ
ṛ - ॠ
ṝ - ऌ
ḷ - ॡ
ḹ
- ए
e - ऐ
ai - ओ
o - औ
au
First, here are the two clusters you absolutely must know:
- क्ष
kṣa - ज्ञ
jña
Why must we know these two clusters? These two clusters do not resemble their original consonants at all, so we cannot guess what sounds they represent. That is why we must learn them separately.
Now, let's consider the other consonant clusters. Notice that most Devanagari consonants have a single vertical line running from top to bottom. Usually, this line is on the right side of the consonant:
- त
ta - ण
ṇa - स
sa
In many consonant clusters, the first consonant loses this line and attaches to the consonant that follows it:
- त्स
tsa - ण्ड
ṇḍa - स्त
sta
If ra is the first consonant, we simply add a small hook to the top of the second:
- र्त
rta - र्न
rna - र्म
rma
If ra is second, we add a small tick to the first consonant:
- प्र
pra - क्र
kra - त्र
tra
But consonants with a “hoop” shape (like ट, ठ, and ढ) use a different symbol instead:
- ट्र
ṭra - ठ्र
ṭhra - ढ्र
ḍhra
If na is second, we write it in the same way as ra:
- प्न
pna - क्न
kna - त्न
tna
If ha or da is first and ya or ma is second, we get these combinations:
- द्य
dya - द्म
dma - ह्य
hya - ह्म
hma
If śa is first, it becomes a smaller form that sits on top of the second consonant:
- श्र
śra - श्व
śva - श्च
śca - श्ल
śla
If ṣa is first, it often stacks vertically on top of the consonants that follow it:
- ष्ट
ṣṭa - ष्ठ
ṣṭha - ष्ठ्व
ṣṭhva
Voiced aspirated consonants that follow da usually “dangle” off the bottom of the da:
- द्घ
dgha - द्ध
ddha - द्भ
dbha
ta combines in various ways that are hard to predict:
- क्त
kta - त्त
tta
And if three or more consonants are in a cluster, we sometimes get more complex combinations:
- त्त्र
ttra - स्त्र
stra
- ङ्ख्य
ṅkhya - ङ्क्ष्य
ṅkṣya - ङ्क्त्य
ṅktya
- द्घ्र
dghra - द्ध्र
ddhra - द्भ्र
dbhra
Friday, July 25, 2025
Sanskrit Grammar - Declension Table - Noun - Gender Number Case
In Sanskrit grammar, forming the plural of a word isn't a simple "add an -s" like in English.
Sanskrit is a highly inflected language with
3 Genders (masculine, feminine, neuter)
3 Numbers (singular, dual, and plural), and
8 Cases
(nominative, vocative, instrumental, accusative, dative, ablative, genitive, and locative).
Declension table of Rama
Singular
C1 Subject रामः
C2 Object रामम्
C3 By, with, through, Because of, Due to रामेण
C4 For, To रामाय
C5 From रामात्
C6 Of रामस्य
C7 In; On, At रामे
C8 Oh हे राम
Case
1 Nominative Subject of the action:रामः (Rāmaḥ) – Rama.
2 Accusative Object: रामम् (Rāmam) – Ram(a).
3 Instrumental “by means of”: रामेण (Rāmeṇa) – With Rama.
4 Dative For रामाय (Rāmāya) – For Rama.
5 Ablative From रामात् (Rāmāt) – Away from Rama.
6 Genitive Of रामस्य (Rāmasya) – Of Rama.
7 Locative On or In रामे (Rāme) – In/at Rama.
8 Vocative is the person being spoken to: हे राम (He Rāma) – O Rama!
https://sanskritstudio.wordpress.com/2014/09/05/the-sanskrit-masculine-declension-1-stem-in-a/
Thursday, July 24, 2025
Wednesday, July 23, 2025
Sandhi - Quiz
Sandhi Rules
1. अ / आ + अ / आ = आ
2. इ / ई + इ / ई = ई
3. उ/ ऊ + उ / ऊ = ऊ
4. ऋ
5. अ / आ + इ / ई = ए
6. अ / आ + उ / ऊ = ओ
7. अ / आ + ऋ = अर्
8. अ/ आ + ए / ऐ = ऐ
9. अ / आ + ओ / औ = औ
10. इ / ई + Vowel = य, + Vowel
11. उ / ऊ + Vowel = व् + Vowel
SSE Teaching
My humble pranams to the lotus divine feet of Sri Sathya Sai Baba. I am forever grateful for Bhagavan. We are all very blessed to live in the yuga when the lord has come on earth again in human form to shower grace on the world. I can surely tell you that I have experienced many situations in life where the Sai Values I have learnt as a child in my Bal Vikas classes have become a part of me and those values help me in my life on a daily basis in a multitude of situations. This book is mainly written to share some of the fun and easy skit ideas that relate to children’s everyday life situations. When children learn and understand the human values and incorporate them into their lives they will notice that they will have positive guidance from within throughout their lives. Now as a grown adult I still see the important of SSE in my daily life. SSE is so powerful that it becomes part of the student and helps each person lifelong
🧡 𝘞𝘩𝘦𝘯 𝘺𝘰𝘶 𝘵𝘦𝘢𝘤𝘩 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘭𝘥𝘳𝘦𝘯, 𝘺𝘰𝘶 𝘮𝘶𝘴𝘵 𝘳𝘦𝘮𝘦𝘮𝘣𝘦𝘳 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘺𝘰𝘶 𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘦𝘯𝘨𝘢𝘨𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘯 𝘢 𝘯𝘰𝘣𝘭𝘦 𝘵𝘢𝘴𝘬 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘴𝘢𝘬𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘭𝘥𝘳𝘦𝘯 𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘳𝘶𝘴𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘰 𝘺𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘤𝘢𝘳𝘦. 𝘠𝘰𝘶 𝘮𝘶𝘴𝘵 𝘧𝘦𝘦𝘭 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘺𝘰𝘶 𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘦𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘺𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘴𝘦𝘭𝘷𝘦𝘴 𝘸𝘩𝘦𝘯 𝘺𝘰𝘶 𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘦𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘭𝘥𝘳𝘦𝘯.....𝘌𝘷𝘦𝘯 𝘸𝘩𝘦𝘯 𝘺𝘰𝘶 𝘴𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘺 𝘣𝘰𝘰𝘬𝘴 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘵𝘦𝘢𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘭𝘥𝘳𝘦𝘯, 𝘺𝘰𝘶 𝘢𝘭𝘴𝘰 𝘥𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘷𝘦 𝘫𝘰𝘺 𝘧𝘳𝘰𝘮 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘴𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘺. 𝘏𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘺𝘰𝘶 𝘮𝘶𝘴𝘵 𝘢𝘭𝘸𝘢𝘺𝘴 𝘩𝘢𝘷𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘧𝘦𝘦𝘭𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘸𝘩𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘳 𝘺𝘰𝘶 𝘥𝘰 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘴 𝘪𝘴 𝘪𝘯 𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘵𝘺 𝘢 𝘴𝘦𝘳𝘷𝘪𝘤𝘦 𝘥𝘰𝘯𝘦 𝘵𝘰 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘋𝘪𝘷𝘪𝘯𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘪𝘥𝘦𝘴 𝘪𝘯 𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘺 𝘰𝘯𝘦. 𝘞𝘩𝘦𝘯 𝘵𝘦𝘢𝘤𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘴 𝘥𝘰 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘪𝘳 𝘥𝘶𝘵𝘺 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘴𝘱𝘪𝘳𝘪𝘵, 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘺 𝘸𝘪𝘭𝘭 𝘣𝘦 𝘪𝘮𝘣𝘶𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘭𝘥𝘳𝘦𝘯 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘴𝘱𝘪𝘳𝘪𝘵 𝘰𝘧 𝘜𝘯𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘢𝘭 𝘭𝘰𝘷𝘦. 𝘙𝘦𝘮𝘦𝘮𝘣𝘦𝘳 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘭𝘥𝘳𝘦𝘯 𝘩𝘢𝘷𝘦 𝘵𝘦𝘯𝘥𝘦𝘳 𝘩𝘦𝘢𝘳𝘵𝘴 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘪𝘯𝘯𝘰𝘤𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘴. 𝘖𝘯𝘭𝘺 𝘪𝘧 𝘺𝘰𝘶 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘭 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘪𝘳 𝘩𝘦𝘢𝘳𝘵𝘴 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘭𝘰𝘷𝘦 𝘸𝘪𝘭𝘭 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘸𝘰𝘳𝘭𝘥 𝘩𝘢𝘷𝘦 𝘨𝘦𝘯𝘶𝘪𝘯𝘦 𝘱𝘦𝘢𝘤𝘦.
~ 𝘚𝘢𝘵𝘩𝘺𝘢 𝘚𝘢𝘪 𝘉𝘢𝘣𝘢, 𝟹𝟶 𝘋𝘦𝘤𝘦𝘮𝘣𝘦𝘳 𝟷𝟿𝟾𝟹
There is only one Religion, the Religion of Love;
There is only one Language, the Language of the Heart;
There is only One God and He is Omnipresent.
Hands that help are holier than lips that pray!
Help ever Hurt never, Love All Serve All.
True Love has no trace of self-interest and knows no fear.
Wherever you go, whatever you do or see, cultivate the sacred feeling that you will do only those actions which pleases God.
Hatred towards anyone is hatred for God. The salutation that you offer to anyone reaches the Divine.
When you fill your hearts with love, you will have no hatred towards anyone.
His teachings are a ocean of knowledge and cannot be answered in one shot.
Tuesday, July 22, 2025
Sanskrit Consonants and vowels
अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ऋ ॠ
ए ऐ ओ औ अं अः
क ख ग घ ङ
च छ ज झ ञ
ट ठ ड ढ ण
त थ द ध न
प फ ब भ म
य र ल व
श ष स ह
Sandhi 11 Rules
Sandhi Rules
1. अ / आ + अ / आ = आ
2. इ / ई + इ / ई = ई
3. उ/ ऊ + उ / ऊ = ऊ
4. ऋ
5. अ / आ + इ / ई = ए
6. अ / आ + उ / ऊ = ओ
7. अ / आ + ऋ = अर्
8. अ/ आ + ए / ऐ = ऐ
9. अ / आ + ओ / औ = औ
10. इ / ई + Vowel = य, + Vowel
11. उ / ऊ + Vowel = व् + Vowel
क ख ग घ ङ
च छ ज झ ञ
ट ठ ड ढ ण
त थ द ध न
प फ ब भ म
य र ल व
श ष स ह
Noun
Case
- The subject of the action: सिंहः
- The object: ग्रामं
- by means of मार्गेण
- For मांसाय
- From
- Of ग्रामस्य
- On or In
- is the person being spoken to:
Nouns
Gender, Masculine, Femine, Neuter
Case 1-8
Number Singular, Dual, Plural
Case
1 Nominative Subject of the action:रामः (Rāmaḥ) – Rama.
2 Accusative Object: रामम् (Rāmam) – Ram(a).
3 Instrumental “by means of”: रामेण (Rāmeṇa) – With Rama.
4 Dative For रामाय (Rāmāya) – For Rama.
5 Ablative From रामात् (Rāmāt) – Away from Rama.
6 Genitive Of रामस्य (Rāmasya) – Of Rama.
7 Locative On or In रामे (Rāme) – In/at Rama.
8 Vocative is the person being spoken to: हे राम (He Rāma) – O Rama!
Sandhi Rules
1. अ / आ + अ / आ = आ
2. इ / ई + इ / ई = ई
3. उ/ ऊ + उ / ऊ = ऊ
4. ऋ
5. अ / आ + इ / ई = ए
6. अ / आ + उ / ऊ = ओ
7. अ / आ + ऋ = अर्
8. अ/ आ + ए / ऐ = ऐ
9. अ / आ + ओ / औ = औ
10. इ / ई + Vowel =
अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ऋ ॠ
ए ऐ ओ औ अं अः
e ai o au
क ख ग घ
क ख ग घ ङ
ka kha ga gha ṅa
च छ ज झ ञ
ca cha ja jha ña
ट ठ ड ढ ण
ṭa ṭha ḍa ḍha ṇa
त थ द ध न
ta tha da dha na
प फ ब भ म
pa pha ba bha ma
य र ल व
ya ra la va
श ष स ह
śa ṣa sa ha
Conjunct Consonants
क्ष kṣa
ज्ञ jña
श्र śra
श्व śva
श्च śca
त्त tta
प्र pra
क्र kra
ट्र ṭra
द्र dra
त्र tra
व्
य
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